What terms describe organisms based on their nutrient requirements for growth?

The terms that describe organisms based on their nutrient requirements for growth are "Prototroph" and "Auxotroph." Prototrophs are organisms that can synthesize all the compounds they need from simplistic substances and therefore do not require any additional growth factors. They can grow in minimal media that contains just the basic nutrients. In contrast, auxotrophs are mutant strains that have lost the ability to synthesize a particular compound necessary for their growth, requiring a richer medium that includes specific nutrients or growth factors that they cannot produce themselves.

This distinction is crucial in microbiology, especially in studies related to genetics, metabolism, and microbial growth conditions, as it helps researchers understand how different organisms adapt to their environments and what specific resources they may need for optimal growth.

The other terms listed do not specifically categorize organisms based on their nutrient requirements for growth in the same way. Endoenzymes and exoenzymes refer to the location and function of enzymes, while obligate and facultative distinguish organisms based on their oxygen requirements. Micronutrient and macronutrient refer to the types of nutrients themselves rather than the organisms' growth capabilities.