What is the composition of a biofilm?

A biofilm is characterized by its composition as a complex community of various microorganisms. This community can include multiple species of bacteria, as well as archaea, fungi, algae, and even various types of viruses. Biofilms form in response to environmental conditions and can adhere to surfaces, living tissues, and even medical devices. The organisms within a biofilm communicate with each other through chemical signals, allowing for coordinated behavior and enhanced survival strategies.

The presence of diverse species is essential to the biofilm's resilience and functionality, as different microorganisms can perform various roles, such as nutrient cycling and protection against antimicrobial agents. This diversity contributes to the biofilm's stability and its ability to thrive in various environments. This community can also engage in metabolic exchanges that enhance the group's survival.

In contrast, biofilms are not limited to a single species, do not consist only of eukaryotic cells, nor are they strictly composed of viruses and bacteria. The collaborative dynamics within biofilms underscore their complexity and importance in natural and medical contexts.