What is biofilm and why is it significant?

Biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and each other, typically embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. This structure is significant for several reasons. Firstly, the arrangement of microorganisms in biofilms allows for enhanced survival due to various factors, including increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host immune responses. The close proximity of different species within the biofilm can facilitate exchange of genetic material, improving adaptability and resilience.

Biofilms are common in natural and artificial environments, such as in pipes, on medical devices, and in the human body, often leading to chronic infections. The ability of bacteria in biofilms to resist treatment makes them a critical factor in medical microbiology and public health, as they can contribute to persistent infections that are difficult to eradicate. This unique characteristic underscores the importance of understanding biofilms for developing more effective treatment strategies in healthcare settings.