What enzyme do retroviruses use to convert RNA into DNA?

Retroviruses utilize an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA. This process is essential for retroviruses because they must integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA to replicate. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template, a reversal of the typical transcription process where DNA is used to make RNA. This enzyme is unique to retroviruses and distinguishes them from other types of viruses that do not undergo this particular type of conversion. The integrated DNA can then direct the host's cellular machinery to produce new viral particles, allowing the virus to replicate effectively within the host.